The Role of Stakeholders in Creating Societal Value From Coastal and Ocean Observations

The paper discusses the importance of stakeholder engagement in ocean observation and uses a series of case studies to examine the role of coordinating frameworks such as the United States’ Interagency Ocean Observing System (IOOS®), and the European Ocean Observing System (EOOS), public–private partnerships such as Project Azul and the Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP) and finally the role of the “third” or voluntary sector.